Short answer
No, both fields have distinct research focuses, and to achieve the most accurate and comprehensive understanding, neuroscience and psychology often need to work together.
Longer answer
The main distinction between neuroscience and psychology lies in their focus of study. Neuroscience research focuses on the nervous system and can be conducted at many scales. These range from small molecules, genes, and proteins that build brain cells to entire brain regions, the brain itself, and the complete nervous system. However, much of neuroscience – as the name suggests – centres on individual brain cells (neurons) or groups of neurons. This makes its typical subject of study about 0.1 to 1 mm in size.
Psychology
Psychology, by contrast, focuses on humans. Specifically, it studies the inner workings of the mind and behaviour. Since these cannot be measured in physical dimensions, we can approximate the subject of psychology by the size of a human – about 1.70 metres. This means psychology’s typical subject is roughly 1,700 to 17,000 times larger than that of neuroscience! These differences in scale naturally call for different scientific methods, producing distinct types of insights. For example, the information gained from using a microscope differs fundamentally from that gathered through a survey.
Complexity
Despite their differences, neuroscience and psychology complement one another. Complex phenomena like human thought and behaviour are shaped by interactions at multiple levels – between individual neurons and between individuals themselves. To fully understand such intricate processes, neuroscience and psychology must often combine their strengths. In practice, this collaboration is common, with knowledge and techniques shared between the disciplines to develop a unified perspective on the brain and behaviour.
Conclusion
Then, the only question that remains is: ‘What’s your specific question?’ Ultimately, the better field depends on the answer you’re seeking. If you’re curious about the inner workings of the human mind – such as thoughts, feelings, intuitions, or decision-making – psychology is likely the better fit. If, however, you want to delve into the brain’s biological mechanisms – including its cells, structures, or biochemical processes – neuroscience is the more appropriate choice. If you find both areas fascinating and believe both could help answer your question, you will likely find yourself working at the intersection of these fields.